Secret societies
From The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom)
A secret society is an organization that requires its members to conceal certain activities—such as rites of initiation—from outsiders. Members may be required to conceal or deny their membership, and are often sworn to hold the society's secrets by an oath. The term "secret society" is often used to describe fraternal organizations (e.g. Freemasonry) that may have secret ceremonies, but is also commonly applied to organizations ranging from the common and innocuous (collegiate fraternities) to mythical organizations described in conspiracy theories as immensely powerful, with self-serving financial or political agendas, global reach, and sometimes satanic beliefs.
Like the most successful forgeries, it is conceivable that the most effective secret societies are unknown beyond their adherents.
Historically, secret societies are often the subject of suspicion and speculation from non-members; and as such have aroused nervousness from outsiders since the time of the ancient Greeks, when meetings were held "sub rosa" (Latin, "under the rose") to signify the secrecy and silence of the Hellenistic god Harpocrates.
For this reason, secret societies are illegal in several countries. In the European Union, Poland has made the ban a part of its constitution. Article 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland states:
- "Political parties and other organizations whose programmes are based upon totalitarian methods and the modes of activity of nazism, fascism and communism, as well as those whose programmes or activities sanction racial or national hatred, the application of violence for the purpose of obtaining power or to influence the State policy, or provide for the secrecy of their own structure or membership, shall be prohibited."
Some secret organizations exploit secrecy as a means to further political or crimina] agendas, including such historical examples as the Know Nothing party in the United States, and the Mafia, respectively.
Many student societies established on university campuses [1] have been considered secret societies. Some collegiate secret societies are the Flat Hat Club (1750) and Phi Beta Kappa (1776), both founded at William & Mary. The most famous member of the FHC was Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. In correspondence, Jefferson noted that the Flat Hat Club served "no useful object." Others are the Order of the Bull's Blood (1834) at Rutgers University, the Bishop James Madison Society (1812) at The College of William & Mary, and the Seven Society at the University of Virginia. The most famous collegiate secret society is the Skull and Bones (1832) at Yale University. See List of collegiate secret societies.
Contents |
List of secret societies
International organizations
While not self-styled as secret societies, these groups are often discussed in that context.
- Bilderberg Group
- Club of Rome
- Council on Foreign Relations
- Neurocam International
- Rhodes-Milner Round Table Groups
- Royal Institute of International Affairs (also known as Chatham House)
- Trilateral Commission
Fraternal organizations
Masonic
- Freemasonry
- Order of DeMolay
- Order of the Eastern Star
Rosicrucian
- AMORC (Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis)
- Confraternity of the Rose Cross
- Fraternitatis Rosicruciana
- FUDOFSI
- FUDOSI
- Order Militia Crucifera Evangelica
- Rosicrucians
- Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (SRIA)
Religious
- Compagnie du saint sacrement
- Order of the Solar Temple
- Ordo Templi Orientis
- Odin Brotherhood
- Bwiti
- Knights of Columbus
Other
- Bohemian Club
- P2
- Seven Sages
- P.E.O. Sisterhood
- The Veiled Prophet Organization in St. Louis, Missouri. [2]
Criminal organizations
- Al Qaeda
- Bloods
- Camorra
- Crips
- Ku Klux Klan
- Mafia (also known as "Cosa Nostra")
- MS-13
- 'Ndrangheta
- Sacra Corona Unita
- Thuggee
- Tong
- Triad
- Yakuza
Historical secret societies
- Assassins
- Beati paoli
- Gladio
- Illuminati
- Kizilbash
- Knights of the Golden Circle
- Know-Nothings
- Krypteia
- Molly Maguires
- Society of the Elect
- SPK
- Thule Society
- Tiandihui
- Wide Awakes
Revolutionary organizations
- Black Hand
- Carbonari
- Communist League (US)
- Fenian Brotherhood
- Germanenorden
- Katipunan
- Ku Klux Klan
- Mau Mau
- Muslim Brotherhood
- Narodnik
- Righteous Harmony Society
- Sons of Liberty
- Tongmenghui
- Vihan Veljet
- Walhalla-orden
- White Rose Society
Alleged secret societies
Either the existence of these, or their status, is subject to significant doubt. See also Secret societies in popular culture
- Angelic Society
- Majestic 12
- Priory of Sion
- The Elders of Zion
- Vril Society
Bibliography
Heckethorn, Charles William (1997). The secret societies of all ages and countries, embracing the mysteries of ancient India, China, Japan, Egypt, Mexico, Peru, Greece, and Scandinavia, the Cabbalists, early Christians, heretics, Assassins, Thugs, Templars, the Vehm and Inquisition, mystics, Rosicrucians, Illuminati, Freemasons, Skopzi, Camorristi, Carbonari, nihilists, and other sects. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1564592960. Whalen, William Joseph (1966). Handbook of secret organizations. Milwaukee: Bruce Pub. Co.. LCCN 66-026658. Axelrod, Alan (1997). The international encyclopedia of secret societies and fraternal orders. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 0816023077. Roberts, J. M. (John Morris) (1972). The mythology of the secret societies. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0684129043. Robbins, Alexandra (2004). Pledged: the secret life of sororities. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0786888598.
See also
- Secret societies in popular culture
- List of Masonic organizations
- List of Japanese nationalist movements and parties
- Secret societies in Singapore
External links
- "Secret Societies" — rotten dot com
--MAD 25 June 06
